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Geothermal power in Indonesia is an increasingly significant source of Renewable Energy. As a result of its volcanic geology, it is often reported that Indonesia has 40% of the world's potential geothermal resources, estimated at 28,000 megawatts (MW).〔(Tom Allard: "Indonesia's hot terrain set to power its future" ), ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 1 May 2010, retrieved 25 August 2010〕 Currently Indonesia is the world's third largest geothermal electricity producer after the United States and the Philippines. Installed production capacity (2011) is almost 1,200 MW from six geothermal fields in Java, North Sumatra and North Sulawesi.〔(Hillary Brenhouse:''Indonesia Seeks to Tap Its Huge Geothermal Reserves'', in the New York Times, July 26, 2010 ), retrieved 25 August 2010〕 In 2007, geothermal energy represented 1.9% of the country's total energy supply and 3.7% of its electric power.〔(International Energy Agency: ''Energy Policy Review of Indonesia'', Paris, 2008, ISBN 978-92-64-04828-7 ), retrieved 26 August 2010〕 At the 2010 World Geothermal Congress in Bali, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono announced a plan to build 44 new geothermal plants by 2014, more than tripling capacity to 4,000 MW. By 2025, Indonesia aims to produce more than 9,000 MW of geothermal power, becoming the world's leading geothermal energy producer.〔 This would account for 5% of Indonesia's total energy needs.〔 A detailed report on the geothermal sector in Indonesia issued in 2015 by the Asian Development Bank and World Bank, ''(Unlocking Indonesia's Geothermal Potential )'', indicated that reforms in key areas of policy were likely to be needed to stimulate sustained expansion in the sector. ==History== The first proposal on energy from volcanoes came in 1918 during the Dutch colonial era. In 1926, five test borings were drilled in Java's Kawah Kamojang field, the third being the first that was successful.〔(M. Neumann Van Padang:''The steam borings in Kawah Kamodjang'', in Bulletin of Volcanology, Volume 23, Number 1, 251-255, ) , retrieved 25 August 2010〕 In the early 1980s, it was still discharging superheated steam from a depth of 66 metres at a temperature of 140°C and a pressure of 3.5 to 4 bars. A prefeasibility study for electricity generation was initiated in 1972 by Geothermal Energy New Zealand.〔(Wilson, Raymond: ''Stage 1 Development of the Kamojang Geothermal Power Station and Steamfield - West Java, Indonesia'', Offshore South East Asia Show, Singapore, 1982 ), retrieved 26 August 2010〕 The first generator was inaugurated in 1983 by President Suharto and subsequently expanded in 1987. Current capacity is 140 MW.〔(Indonesia Power: Kamojang Generation Business Unit ), retrieved 26 August 2010〕 Since the mid-1980s, Chevron, the world's largest geothermal power producer, has operated two geothermal fields in West Java at Salak and Darajat〔 with a combined capacity of around 365 MW.〔(Reuters:''Chevron Indonesia plans to expand geothermal power'', Nov 1, 2007 ), retrieved 25 August 2010〕 Between 1989 and 1997 explorations were conducted at the Sibayak geothermal field in northern Sumatra,〔(Atmojo,J.O. et al: ''Evaluation of Reservoir Characteristics Using Well Data of Sibayak Geothermal Field, North Sumatra, Indonesia'' in Mem Fac Eng Kyushu Univ, Vol.60, No.3, 2000 ), retrieved 30 August 2010〕 and subsequently a 12 MW plant has been placed in operation.〔(PT Pertamina: Working Area Maps ) , retrieved 30 August 2010〕 In 1991, the Indonesia Geothermal Association (''Asosiasi Panasbumi Indonesia'' - API), a non-governmental organisation, was established to promote geothermal energy. It has approximately 500 members including geothermal experts, companies, and stakeholders.〔 The Wayang Windu Geothermal Power Station in West Java, owned by British Star Energy, has been in operation since 2000. It currently comprises two units with a total capacity of 227 MW. There are plans for a third unit of 127 MW which is expected to be on-stream by mid-2013.〔(www.power-technology.com: Wayang Windu Geothermal Power Station ), retrieved 25 August 2010〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geothermal power in Indonesia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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